he abbreviation PAR (Parabolic Aluminised Reflector lamp) is used to describe a wide range of light types with a round lighting group that are used in many different areas, similar to sealed beams. They can be found, for example, as work lights, as headlights on …

The parking light (or delimiting light) serves to illuminate a parked vehicle. The front parking light is often identical to the position light, while the normal tail light of the rear light often serves as the rear parking light.

A pencil beam refers to a particularly tightly focused light distribution in a high beam. The light is concentrated onto a comparatively narrow area, thereby achieving a high luminous intensity in the main beam direction.

Looking directly into a light source can cause photochemical damage to the retina. Photobiological safety deals with these potential hazards to the eye (and skin) from artificial light sources. This applies in particular to the blue light component of the light source. This is why it is also referred to as blue light hazard (BLA). …

Photometry deals with the measurement and evaluation of visible light. Unlike the purely physical measurement of electromagnetic radiation, it takes into account the spectral sensitivity of the human eye.

Photometric quantities can be used to describe light quantitatively. In the case of lights, for example, this allows us to investigate how much visible light is emitted, in which directions it is distributed and what illuminance is achieved on a surface.

Plow headlights are auxiliary headlights used when a vehicle’s regular headlights are obstructed by attachments such as a snow plow blade. In such cases, they take over the functions of the low and high beams, and often also the parking lights and turn signals. …

The position light (or marker light) is part of the front vehicle lighting. The position light usually has a brightness of a few percent of the low beam. Together with the tail light, it forms the parking light.

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